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Development and design caractéristiquesLe Northstar has been launched in response to the advanced dual overhead cam V8 engines introduced by Japanese and European competitors from Cadillac in the late 1980s. At that time, Cadillac has used aluminum HT-valve (OHV) V8 which had been pushed hastily into production after the failure of the V8-6-4 1981.Cadillac was the development of new models as updated and going Eldorado and Seville STS which they hope will rival the best of BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Lexus, Infiniti and. They developed a laundry list of items that must be included in these new models, including sophisticated direction, brake, suspension and technology, which became known as the Northstar system. A key element was a high-tech V8 engine with all the features and performance of bids concurrents.Le “Northstar” V8, as it was then called, was an evolution of the Lotus designed LT5 Chevrolet all-aluminum DOHC 32-valve V8 used in the Corvette ZR-1. Rival Ford Motor Company has been developing a similar engine at that time too, and a Ford modular engine would precede the Northstar production with its introduction on the 1991 Lincoln Town Car. Both remain in production at 4. 6 L déplacement.Capable produce 300 hp (224 kW) from its 4565 cc displacement, the Northstar included a cast aluminum block V8 90 102 mm (4 in) spacing unit was divided into upper and lower halves. The lower crankcase supported without conventional main bearing caps. An oil collector plate with a silicone gasket forms integrated oil gallery under this. A typical oil change used 7. 58 quarts of oil. Cast Iron cylinder liners have been identified and forged aluminum pistons including valve clearance. Northstar is an interference engine, with bronze bushings and pins floating piston pins utilisé.Cast aluminum cylinder heads were used with four valves per cylinder. The Chiefs used dual overhead camshafts are driven by the “maintenance free” cases of the cam chain-drive. The cams act directly on hydraulic lifters on the ends of the valves and are fed with a lubrication passage drilled in the direction of the length of the cylinder head. The intake valves are inclined at 25, while the exhaust valves are inclined at 7 with center-mounted platinum spark plugs. The cam covers are in magnesium for légèreté.Huit thermoplastic tubes were used in the induction system, leading to sequential fuel injection. The engine used a distributor less ignition system with a spark of waste from the facility. The PCM controls spark and fuel injection as well as transit points for the new transmission 4T80-E.Une notable feature, announced at the time, was “limp home” mode fail-safe allowing the engine to operate for a limited time, without coolant. Supply of fuel for a single row of cylinders, in turn, the engine “fresh air” of the inactive bank. This technique, combined with its all-aluminum construction and large oil capacity, allowing the motor to maintain a safe temperature, allowing a Northstar-equipped car for driving without coolant for about 100 miles (161 km) without dommage.Une Another feature of some cars with Northstar is a liquid cooled alternator used Cadillac Seville’s, DeVille, and Eldorado. The coolant has helped to prolong the life of the alternator in these models electronic charge, even if GM came back to a traditional configuration cooled air for year 2001 to eliminate the leakage points and foreign tubes . All the engines of this family share the same Northstar bellhousing.L subsequent developments included the direct ignition coil on plug and variable valve timing, which can vary intake of up to 40 and the gas exhaust of almost 50. VVT is designed for version LH2 longitudinal, and has not, to date, been used on the front transverse engine traction due to packaging considerations. NorthstarLe series engine was introduced in mid-1992 Going into the 1993 Cadillac and continues to be used in most Cadillac models. The original Going Northstar also introduced the Northstar System which included traction control, adaptive suspension, and antilock brakes. Early Northstar required premium fuel grade circulate sécurité.Le Northstar was sold exclusively by Cadillac for over a decade before being introduced in the 2004 Pontiac Bonneville and 2006 Buick Lucerne. However, 4. 0L L47 V8 variant was used in the Oldsmobile Aurora and 3. 5L LX5 V6 in the Oldsmobile Intrigue. The engine received a forged steel crankshaft in October 2003. Cadillac had planned to introduce a V12 Northstar this decade, probably for use in the Escalade, but the economy and new CAFE standards have killed this idée.La Most Northstar engines produce 275 hp (205 kW) 315 hp (235 kW). The engines were revised for 2000 with coil on plug ignition and roller follower valvegear for improved fuel economy and reduced emissions. Although power has not changed, this update has eliminated the need for gasoline super.Tous except supercharged Northstar move 4. 6 L (279 cu in) with a 93 mm (3. 7 in.) bore and 84 mm (3. 3 “) stroke. To seal between the cylinder head better, the supercharged version is de-bored to 91 mm (3. 6 inches) for a total displacement of 4. 4 L (266 cu in). The block is said [who?] To be capable of expansion up to 5. 4L, but not this type of engine has been produite.Le Northstar has been on the list of 10 best engines for 1995 Ward, 1996 and 1997.The system was Cadillac Northstar brand name for a set of characteristics automotive performance. Launched in 1992 and 1993 Cadillac Going later this year Seville and Eldorado, the name Northstar continues to be used at this day.The Northstar system included the following: A37 high performance 300 hp (224 kW) ftlbf and 295 (400 Nm) LD8 high torque of 275 hp (205 kW) and 300 ftlbf (407 Nm) GM 4T80-E four-speed automatic transmission vitessesRoad Sensing SuspensionRSS is standard and CV-RSS (continuously variable) systems . He has taken depreciation rate shocks every 15 milliseconds, the choice between two paramètres.4-disc brakes with antilock brakes Boschdirection Magnasteer power variableMagnasteer combines speed and conventional hydraulic steering magnet “donuts” mounted around the shaft output, which stiffen the direction that the speed increases véhicule.Les latest versions of the Northstar engine include 4. 6L 320 hp (239 kW) and 315 lbft (427 Nm) LH2 which began in 2004, and supercharged 4. 4L 469 hp (350 kW) LC3 created for the STS-V, which are detailed below dessous.General Motors has used a system for continuously variable system of Cadillac Northstar VVT (Variable Valve Timing). The VVT Northstar provides a continuously variable throughout the rev range, which increases fuel consumption. GM engines use dual overhead cams, varying both intake and exhaust for better performance. L37Le L37 (VIN “9″) was the original Northstar. He is attentive and responsive power, while the later LD8 is designed for use quieter. The code L37 was used on all transverse Northstars high performance as well as the exact specifications of the engine changed.(220 kW). The engine topped out at 300 hp (224 kW) from 1996 to 2004 on the STS and DTS models, etc., making them some of the most powerful cars home front wheel drive ever built, as the most powerful yet belonging 1970 Cadillac Eldorado to 500 cu in (8. 2 L) 400 hp (298 kW) (although note the latter is in the old system SAE gross horsepower, or accessories included without the silencer, where engine results current are such that they are installed, net assessments). For 2005, broadband has become Northstar Northstar NHP and was downrated to 290 horsepower (220 kW) under the new system certified SAE power ratings. In 2006, the SDR update “Performance Package” model received a slight bump to 292 hp (218 kW). Vehicles using the L37 include: AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple1993Allant Cadillactr / min 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm) @ Eldorado ETCtr 1994Cadillac 44001993-rpm 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm ) 440019952002Cadillac Eldorado ETCtr @ rpm 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6000tr rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ STS 44001993Cadillac Sévilletr / min 295 hp (220 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 290 lbft (393 Nm) @ 440019942004Cadillac Sévilletr STS / min 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6000tr rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 440019962004Concours Cadillac DeVille / DTStr / min 300 hp (224 kW) @ 6000tr rpm 295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 44002005DTS Cadillac DeVilletr / min 290 hp ( 216 kilowatts) 5600tr @ rpm 285 lbft (386 Nm) @ 44002006resentCadillac Performancetr SDR / min 292 hp (218 kW) @ 6300tr rpm 288 lbft (390 Nm) @ présentBuick Lucerne SuperTRI 45002008-rpm 292 hp (218 kW) @ 6300288 lbft (390 Nm) @ 4500 rpm LD8Le LD8 (VIN “Y”) is a transverse V8 for front wheel drive cars. Launched in 1994, it is designed to provide more torque than the L37 high speed. LD8 code was used on all torque listening transverse Northstars, even though the exact specifications of the engine changed. Compression ratio is 10:1. The 1998 revision is quieter than previous engines Northstar, due to hydraulic engine mounts, and more efficient thanks to an intake system to listen. Most LD8 Northstars are rated at 275 hp (205 kW) and 300 lbft (407 Nm). AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple1994Cadillac Eldorado270 hp (201 kW) 300 lbft (407 Nm) 19952001Cadillac Eldoradotr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5750300 lbft (407 Nm) 2002Cadillac Eldoradotr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 40001994Cadillac Seville SLS270 hp (201 kW) 300 lbft (407 Nm) 19952001Cadillac Seville SLS275 hp (205 kW) 300 lbft (407 Nm) 20022004Cadillac Seville SLS275 hp ( 205 kW) 300 lbft (407 Nm) 1994Cadillac DeVille Concours270 hp (201 kW) 300 lbft (407 Nm) 1995Cadillac Concourstr DeVille / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5750300 lbft (407 Nm) 19962001Cadillac DeVilletr / min 275 hp (205 kW ) 5750tr @ rpm 300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 400020022005Cadillac DeVilletr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 40002006resentCadillac DTStr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6000tr rpm 295 lbft ( 400 Nm) @ 440020042005Pontiac Bonneville GXPtr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 300 lbft (407 Nm) @ 400020062007Buick Lucerne CXStr / min 275 hp (205 kW) @ 6000295 lbft (400 Nm) @ 4,400 rpm LH2Le Northstar was designed originally for transverse front-drive applications. It was substantially amended in 2004 to the rear longitudinal and the use of AWD in the SRX and XLR, and receiving the continuous variable valve timing for intake and exhaust. The RWD (LH2) Northstar produces 320 hp (239 kW) and 315 lbft (427 Nm). A compression ratio increased from 10. 5:01 allows most of the power increase of L37 and LD8 Northstars.AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple20042009Cadillac SRXtr / min 320 hp (239 kW) @ 6400tr rpm 315 lbft (427 Nm) @ 440020042009Cadillac XLRtr / min 320 hp (239 kW) @ 6400tr rpm 310 lbft (420 Nm) @ 44002004resentCadillac STStr / min 320 hp (239 kW) @ 6400315 lbft (427 Nm) @ 4400 rpm Supercharged LC3A 4. 4 L (266 cu in) supercharged Northstar is used in 2006 Cadillac STS-V and XLR-V Cadillac. The bore was reduced for greater strength and better sealing gasket. Variable valve timing is used on both intake and exhaust. The engine of the STS-V produces 469 horsepower (350 kW) at 6,400 rpm and 439 lbft (595 Nm) at 3900 rpm with 9:01 compression and the XLR-V engine produces 443 hp (330 kW) 6,400 rpm and 414 lbft (561 Nm) at 3900 rpm min.AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple20062009Cadillac STS-Vtr / min 469 hp (350 kW) @ 6400tr rpm 439 lbft (595 Nm) @ 390020062009Cadillac XLR-Vtr / min 443 hp (330 kW) @ 6400414 lbft (561 Nm) @ 3900 rpm L47A L47 inside an engine compartment auroral L47 Aurora engine is a V8 Special designed for Oldsmobile Aurora, based on the Northstar engine. It is a DOHC 3995 cc (3. 995 L, 243. 8 cu in) V8 that produces 250 horsepower (186 kW) and 260 FTLB (353 Nm) of torque. The bore is 87 mm (3. 4 “) and stroke is 84 mm (3. 3″). The L47 has a 10. A 3:1 compression ratio and uses gasoline super.Une first version or prototype of this engine was used in the second-generation Oldsmobile Aerotech.Bien that most features of the Northstar, including system loss coolant, remained intact, the bore has lost weight unacceptable. To reduce it, Oldsmobile used a one piece glass-filled thermoplastic intake manifold and simplified AC Rochester sequential fuel injection. A new cast aluminum oil pan structure consisting baffles to reduce the lack of oil in the harsh ride. A starter interlock prevents starting to engage, if peace is already lancé.Un L47 highly modified 650 hp (485 kW) version of this engine was used by General Motors Racing Division initially Indy Racing League competition From 1995, then was later used in the Cadillac Northstar LMP program in 2000. Both engines retained 4. 0 L capacity, but the version Northstar LMP is double turbocompresseur.L Aurora was also used in the Shelby Series 1 voiture.Le Aurora engine was introduced in 1994 for the 1995 model year and General Motors did not used this engine since the demise of the mark in 2004.AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple19952003Oldsmobile Auroratr / min 250 hp (186 kW) @ 5600260 lbft (353 Nm) @ 4,400 rpm LX5 (Shortstar) A “Shortstar” LX5 inside a compartment LX5 V6 engine IntrigueLe is a DOHC engine of Oldsmobile, introduced in 1999 with the Oldsmobile Intrigue. It was produced by the motor group premium for GM and has therefore called the Premium V6 or PV6, while it was being developed. It is based on the L47 Aurora V8, which is itself based on the Northstar engine, so engineers called the Short North, though the Oldsmobile fans have taken to calling Shortstar.Ce is not a simple cut-down V8. Even if a 90 wedge angle as the Northstar and Aurora, the motor has been designed from scratch, so bore centers are different. It has chain-driven dual overhead camshafts and four valves per cylinder, but it is a design of a crankshaft firing pin like the modern engines GM 3800. The LX5 displaced 3473 cc (3. 473 L, 211. 9 cu in) and produces 215 hp (160 kW) at 5,600 rpm and 230 FTLB (312 Nm) @ 4400 rpm. Bore is 89. 5 mm (3. 52) and stroke is 92 mm (3. 6 in.). Compression ratio is 9. 3:1. The cost of construction of this reactor was high, and it has not been used in many vehicles. It was said when a family of V6 premium would follow, with trips ranging from 3. 3 L 3. 7 L, but only the LX5 was never product.The LX5 is quite different from other GM V6 in the inventory – the only other DOHC V6 engine offered by GM were the Twin Cam Chevrolet produced double from 1991 -1997 and Cadillac / Holden HFV6 available from 2004 to today. These three models are completely independent and curiously leave two gaps in 1998 and 2003 where no DOHC V6 is available from GM. This contrasts sharply with the practices of competing technological developments in several, designs are improving with the V8 constamment.Comme Aurora, production ceases with the disappearance of Oldsmobile.AnnéeModèlePuissanceCouple19992002Oldsmobile Intriguetr / min 215 hp ( 160 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 230 lbft (312 Nm) @ 440020012002Oldsmobile Auroratr / min 215 hp (160 kW) @ 5600tr rpm 230 lbft (312 Nm) @ 4400Le 3. 5L LX5 was on the list of 10 best engines for Ward, 1999 and 2000. See aussiGM 60-degree DOHC V6 moteurGM High Feature Engine moteurCadillac V8GM UltraNotes List of GM engines ^ Http: / / 74. 125. 47. 132/search cache? q =: 6nj6yREp_4wJ: www. eHow. com/facts_5467367_northstar-engine-information. html + + LT5 Northstar & cd = 10 & hl = en & ct = clnk & gl = ^ usWeitzman, Larry (2001). The Aurora by Oldsmobile (2001), better in all respects. Autochannel. Accessed June 28, 2009. RéférencesMarkus Frank. “1993 Technical Highlights.” Car and Driver (October 1992): 5960. “Technical Highlights”. Car and Driver (October 1993): 115.Joel D. Pietrangelo. “Northstar is heart of Allante repeat for 93 – Engine V-8, General Motors’ Cadillac Motor Car Division. The new model roadster. “Ward’s Auto World (February 1992). Externesmoteur Northstar Links – Site officiell’article technique AutoSpeedWard articleGM Premium Performance V Newsgroups Categories: Cadillac engines | GM Engines | Automotive Technology tradenamesHidden categories: Articles with specifically marked weasel -worded phrases | Articles with weasel wording particularly marked phrases September 2008